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Earhart, Amelia

(Encyclopedia) Earhart, AmeliaEarhart, Ameliaârˈhärt [key], 1897–1937, American aviator, b. Atchison, Kans. She was the first woman to cross the Atlantic by airplane (1928) and the first woman to…

Howe, Samuel Gridley

(Encyclopedia) Howe, Samuel Gridley, 1801–76, American reformer and philanthropist, b. Boston, Mass., grad. Brown, 1821, M.D. Harvard, 1824. He began his life-long service to others by going to…

Adams, Abigail

(Encyclopedia) Adams, Abigail, 1744–1818, wife of President John Adams and mother of President John Quincy Adams, b. Weymouth, Mass., as Abigail Smith. A lively, intelligent woman, she married John…

Foster, Stephen Collins

(Encyclopedia) Foster, Stephen Collins, 1826–64, American songwriter and composer, b. Lawrenceville, Pa. His pioneer family was aware of his talent for music, but not understanding it they provided…

German East Africa

(Encyclopedia) German East Africa, former German colony, c.370,000 sq mi (958,300 sq km), E Africa. Dar es Salaam was the capital. German influence emerged in the area in 1884 when Carl Peters, the…

Burney, Fanny

(Encyclopedia) Burney, Fanny, later Madame D'ArblayMadame D'Arblaydärblāˈ [key], 1752–1840, English novelist, daughter of Charles Burney, the composer, organist, and music scholar. Although she…

aesthetics

(Encyclopedia) aestheticsaestheticsĕsthĕtˈĭks [key], the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature of art and the criteria of artistic judgment. The classical conception of art as the…

Spark, Dame Muriel

(Encyclopedia) Spark, Dame Muriel, 1918–2006, Scottish novelist, b. Muriel Sarah Camberg. She lived in Edinburgh, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), London, New York, and Rome, and spent her last years in…

Cuban Missile Crisis

(Encyclopedia) Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, major cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In response to the Bay of Pigs Invasion and other American actions against Cuba…

Sargent, John Singer

(Encyclopedia) Sargent, John Singer, 1856–1925, American painter, b. Florence, Italy, of American parents, educated in Italy, France, and Germany. In 1874 he went to Paris, where he studied under…