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Emmanuel Philibert

(Encyclopedia) Emmanuel PhilibertEmmanuel Philibertāmänˈwĕl fēlēbĕrˈ [key], 1528–80, duke of Savoy (1553–80), called Ironhead. He succeeded his father, Charles III, who had been dispossessed of his…

Brewer's: Charles and the Oak

When Charles II. fled from the Parliamentary army, he took refuge in Boscobel House; but when he deemed it no longer safe to remain there, he concealed himself in an oak. Dr. Stukeley says…

Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc deMorny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc deshärl ōgüstˈ lwē zhôzĕfˈ dük də môrnēˈ [key], 1811–65, French statesman; illegitimate son of…

Conrad I, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire

(Encyclopedia) Conrad I, d. 918, German king (911–18). As duke of Franconia he distinguished himself by military exploits and in 911 was elected successor to Louis the Child by the Franconian, Saxon…

Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte deVergennes, Charles Gravier, comte deshärl grävyāˈ kôNt də vĕrzhĕnˈ [key], 1717–87, French statesman. After serving as ambassador at Trier,…

Charles X, king of Sweden

(Encyclopedia) Charles X, 1622–60, king of Sweden (1654–60), nephew of Gustavus II. The son of John Casimir, count palatine of Zweibrücken, he brought the house of Wittelsbach to the Swedish throne…

Bonnivard, François de

(Encyclopedia) Bonnivard or Bonivard, François deBonnivard or Bonivard, François deboth: fräNswäˈ də bônēvärˈ [key], c.1493–1570, Swiss patriot and historian. The prior of St. Victor, near Geneva, he…

Ferdinand I, king of the Two Sicilies

(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand I, 1751–1825, king of the Two Sicilies (1816–25). He had previously been king of Naples (1759–99, 1799–1805, 1815–16) as Ferdinand IV and king of Sicily (1759–1816) as…