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Cluny

(Encyclopedia) ClunyClunykl&oomacr;ˈnē, Fr. klünēˈ [key], former abbey, E France, in the present Saône-et-Loire dept., founded (910) by St. Berno, a Burgundian monk and reformer. Cluny was one of…

Counter Reformation

(Encyclopedia) Counter Reformation, 16th-century reformation that arose largely in answer to the Protestant Reformation; sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. Although the Roman Catholic…

Charles XI, king of Sweden

(Encyclopedia) Charles XI, 1655–97, king of Sweden (1660–97), son and successor of Charles X. Charles ascended the throne at the age of five, so a council of regency ruled until 1672. The regency…

Marie de' Medici

(Encyclopedia) Marie de' MediciMarie de' Medicimĕdˈĭchē [key], 1573–1642, queen of France, second wife of King Henry IV and daughter of Francesco de' Medici, grand duke of Tuscany. She was married to…

Bonn

(Encyclopedia) Bonn Bonn bŏn, Ger. bôn [key], city (2021 est. pop. 320,000), former capital of West Germany…

West, Benjamin

(Encyclopedia) West, Benjamin, 1738–1820, American historical painter who worked in England. He was born in Springfield, Pa., in a house that is now a memorial museum at Swarthmore College. After…

Reims

(Encyclopedia) Reims or RheimsReimsrăNs, rēmz [key], city (1990 pop. 185,164), Marne dept., NE France, in Champagne. The center of the champagne industry, Reims is situated amid large vineyards.…