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pacifism

(Encyclopedia) pacifism, advocacy of opposition to war through individual or collective action against militarism. Although complete, enduring peace is the goal of all pacifism, the methods of…

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3d Earl

(Encyclopedia) Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3d Earl, 1872–1970, British philosopher, mathematician, and social reformer, b. Trelleck, Wales. As with his philosophical stance, Russell's…

Germany Department of State Background

U.S. Department of State Background Note Germany Index: People History Government and Political Conditions Economy Foreign Relations U.S.-German Relations PEOPLEMost inhabitants of Germany are…

modern architecture

(Encyclopedia) modern architecture, new architectural style that emerged in many Western countries in the decade after World War I. It was based on the “rational” use of modern materials, the…

directing

(Encyclopedia) directing, the art of leading dramatic performances on the stage or in films. The modern theatrical director is in complete charge of all the artistic aspects of a dramatic…

The Upanishads, translated by Max Müller: Preface

I MUST begin this series of translations of the Sacred Books of the East with three cautions: the first, referring to the character of the original texts here translated; the second, with regard to…

children's book illustration

(Encyclopedia) children's book illustration, any type of picture or decorative work produced for books specifically intended for a youthful audience. During the 1960s a number of seldom-used…

American architecture

(Encyclopedia) American architecture, the architecture produced in the geographical area that now constitutes the United States. Wright, generally acknowledged as one of the greatest architects of…

2018 Winter Olympics: Medal Standings by Event

The champions of Pyeongchang The 2018 Winter Olympics were full of surprises and excitement. Biathlon favorite Martin Fourcade floundered early, only to rally to Olympic gold. The hockey players…

philosophy

(Encyclopedia) philosophy [Gr.,=love of wisdom], study of the ultimate reality, causes, and principles underlying being and thinking. It has many aspects and different manifestations according to the…