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Alexander Nevsky

(Encyclopedia) Alexander NevskyAlexander Nevskynĕvˈskē [key] [Rus.,=of the Neva], 1220–1263, Russian hero, grand duke of Vladimir-Suzdal. As prince of Novgorod (1236–52) he earned his surname by his…

Alexander III, pope

(Encyclopedia) Alexander III, d. 1181, pope (1159–81), a Sienese named Rolandus [Bandinelli?], successor of Adrian IV. He was a canonist who had studied law under Gratian and had taught at Bologna.…

Castrén, Matthias Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Castrén, Matthias AlexanderCastrén, Matthias Alexandermätēˈäs älĕksänˈdər kästrānˈ [key], 1813–52, Finnish philologist, one of the first scholars to study the Finno-Ugric languages.…

Alexander Severus

(Encyclopedia) Alexander Severus (Marcus Aurelius Alexander Severus)Alexander Severussĭvērˈəs [key], d. 235, Roman emperor (222–35), b. Syria. His name was changed (221) from Alexius Bassianus when…

Muir, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Muir, AlexanderMuir, Alexandermy&oomacr;r [key], 1830–1906, Canadian songwriter, b. Scotland. In 1867 he wrote the words and music for “The Maple Leaf Forever,” which is regarded…

Alexander Balas

(Encyclopedia) Alexander BalasAlexander Balasbāˈləs [key], d. 145 b.c., ruler of Syria, putative son of Antiochus IV. He seized power from his uncle Demetrius I (c.152 b.c.); Jonathan the Maccabee…

Arrian

(Encyclopedia) Arrian (Flavius Arrianus)Arrianârˈēən [key], fl. 2d cent. a.d., Greek historian, philosopher, and general, b. Nicomedia in Bithynia. He was governor of Cappadocia under Emperor Hadrian…

Arakcheyev, Aleksey Andreyevich

(Encyclopedia) Arakcheyev, Aleksey AndreyevichArakcheyev, Aleksey Andreyevichəlĭksyāˈ əndrāˈyəvĭch äräkchāˈyĕf [key], 1769–1834, Russian general, adviser to Czar Alexander I. An exacting officer, he…

Montgomerie, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Montgomerie, AlexanderMontgomerie, Alexanderməntgŭmˈərē [key], c.1556–c.1610, Scottish poet. His principal poem, The Cherry and the Sloe (1597), is a pedestrian and ambiguous allegory…

Nearchus

(Encyclopedia) NearchusNearchusnēärˈkəs [key], fl. 324 b.c., Macedonian general, b. Crete; friend of Alexander the Great. In 325 b.c., Alexander, about to leave India, had a fleet built in the Indus…