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Adams, John Quincy

(Encyclopedia) Adams, John Quincy, 1767–1848, 6th President of the United States (1825–29), b. Quincy (then in Braintree), Mass.; son of John Adams and Abigail Adams and father of Charles Francis…

Abdullah I

(Encyclopedia) Abdullah I (Abdullah ibn Husayn)Abdullah Iäbd&oobreve;lˈlä ĭˈbən h&oobreve;sānˈ [key], 1882–1951, king of Jordan (1946–51), b. Mecca; son of Husayn ibn Ali of the Hashemite…

Cortes

(Encyclopedia) CortesCorteskôrˈtĕz, Span. kōrˈtās [key], representative assembly in Spain. The institution originated (12th–13th cent.) in various Spanish regions with the Christian reconquest; until…

herbal

(Encyclopedia) herbal, early botanical book containing descriptions and illustrations of herbs and plants with their properties, chiefly those qualities that made them useful as medicines or…

Iron Guard

(Encyclopedia) Iron Guard, Romanian nationalistic, anti-Semitic, and antiparliamentary group, founded in 1924 by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. Originally named the Legion of the Archangel Michael, it was…

Izvolsky, Aleksandr Petrovich

(Encyclopedia) Izvolsky, Aleksandr PetrovichIzvolsky, Aleksandr Petrovichəlyĭksänˈdər pētrôˈvĭch ēzvôlˈskē [key], 1856–1919, Russian diplomat instrumental in fostering the Triple Entente with France…

jade

(Encyclopedia) jade, common name for either of two minerals used as gems. The rarer variety of jade is jadeite, a sodium aluminum silicate, NaAl(SiO3)2, usually white or green in color; the green…

Manin, Daniele

(Encyclopedia) Manin, DanieleManin, Danieledänyĕˈlā mänēnˈ [key] 1804–57, Venetian leader of the movement to free N Italy from Austrian rule. His father, a Jew, was converted to Christianity and took…

Martin IV, d. 1285, pope

(Encyclopedia) Martin IV, d. 1285, pope (1281–85), a Frenchman named Simon de Brie; successor of Nicholas III. He was chancellor under Louis IX of France and was created cardinal by Urban IV. He was…