railroad: Early Railroads

As early as 1556 Georgius Agricola, in his book on minerals, De re metallica, mentioned a mining railway running on wooden poles. The replacement of wooden poles by cast-iron rails in the late 18th cent. and the development by Richard Trevithick in 1804 of a locomotive capable of heavy haulage (20 tons) prepared the railroad for uses other than mining. But it was not until 1825 that steam-powered freight and passenger service started on the Stockton and Darlington Railway in England.

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• High-Speed Passenger Service
• Railroads in Other Countries
• Amtrak
• Decline and Revival
• Abuses and Regulation
• Technological Innovations
• An Era of Rapid Expansion
• The Early Nineteenth Century
• Early Railroads
• Bibliography

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