Bratislava
[key], Ger. Pressburg, Hung. Pozsony,
city, SW Slovakia, on the Danube River and near the Austrian and Hungarian
borders. It is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Bratislava is an
important road and rail center and a leading Danubian port. A
well-diversified industry produces textiles, chemicals, and metal goods;
during the Communist period, heavy industry was focused on the production of
armaments. Forests, vineyards, and large farms surround the city, which has
an active trade in agricultural products. It is also a popular tourist
center. A Roman outpost called Posonium by the 1st cent. a.d.,
Bratislava became a stronghold of the Great Moravian Empire in the 9th cent.
After the death of Ottocar II (1278), Bratislava and much of S and E
Slovakia fell under Hungarian rule. From 1541, when the Turks captured Buda,
until 1784, Bratislava served as Hungary's capital and the residence of
Hungarian kings and archbishops. The kings continued to be crowned there
until 1835, and Bratislava was the meeting place of the Hungarian diet until
1848. Inhabited largely by German traders before the 19th cent., the city
then became predominantly Magyar. In the 19th cent. it was the center of the
emerging Slovak national revival, and after the union of the Czech and
Slovak territories in 1918 it was incorporated into Czechoslovakia. From
1939 until 1945, Bratislava was the capital of a nominally independent
Slovak republic that was governed by a fascistic pro-German regime
responsible for the murder of tens of thousands of Czechs and Jews. The
Univ. of Jan Comenius (1919), the Slovak Academy of Sciences, a polytechnic
university, a national theater, and several museums are in the city. The
9th-century castle, above the Danube, was rebuilt in the 13th cent. St.
Martin's Cathedral, the Franciscan convent and church, and the old town hall
are also 13th-century buildings. The new town hall occupies an 18th-century
palace, formerly the residence of the primates of Hungary; the Treaty of
Pressburg was
signed there in 1805.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2024, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Slovakia Political Geography
