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Thomas, Norman Mattoon

(Encyclopedia)Thomas, Norman Mattoon, 1884–1968, American socialist leader, b. Marion, Ohio; grad. Princeton (1905), Union Theological Seminary (1911). He served as pastor of several Presbyterian churches and did...

Gramsci, Antonio

(Encyclopedia)Gramsci, Antonio antônˈyô grämˈshē [key], 1891–1937, Italian political leader and theoretician. Originally a member of the Socialist party and a cofounder (1919) of the left-wing paper L'Ordin...

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich

(Encyclopedia)Yevtushenko, Yevgeny Aleksandrovich yĕvˌto͞oshĕngˈkō, Rus. yĭvgāˈnyē əlyĭksänˈdrəvĭch yĭvtəshĕnˈkō [key], 1933–2017, Russian poet, b. Zima Junction, Siberia. Along with Andrei V...

Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich

(Encyclopedia)Gromyko, Andrei Andreyevich grōmēˈkō, Rus. əndrāˈ əndrāˈyəvĭch grəmĭˈkə [key], 1909–89, Soviet diplomat. A member of the Communist party from 1931, he entered (1939) the diplomatic s...

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich

(Encyclopedia)Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich nyĭkēˈtə syĭrgāˈyəvĭch khro͝oschôfˈ [key], 1894–1971, Soviet Communist leader, premier of the USSR (1958–64), and first secretary of the Communist party ...

Gulag

(Encyclopedia)Gulag, system of forced-labor prison camps in the USSR, from the Russian acronym [GULag] for the Main Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps, a department of the Soviet secret police (originally the Ch...

Alexy II

(Encyclopedia)Alexy II or Aleksy II əlyĕkˈsē [key], 1929–2008, 15th patriarch of Moscow and all Russia (1990–2008), b. Estonia, as Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger. He spent 11 years as a Russian Orthodox paris...

French Equatorial Africa

(Encyclopedia)French Equatorial Africa, former French federation in W central Africa. It consisted of four constituent territories: Gabon, Middle Congo (see Congo, Republic of the), Chad, and Ubangi-Shari (now the ...

Rice, Condoleezza

(Encyclopedia)Rice, Condoleezza, 1954–, U.S. government official and educator, b. Birmingham, Ala. A political scientist who has specialized in Russian and E European studies, Rice has been a professor at Stanfor...

Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich nyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch bo͞okhäˈrēn [key], 1888–1938, Russian Communist leader and theoretician. A member of the Bolshevik wing of the Social Democratic party, h...
 

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