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Toledo Manrique, Alejandro

(Encyclopedia) Toledo Manrique, Alejandro, 1946–, Peruvian political leader, president of Peru (2001–6). Toledo, who has indigenous Andean roots, was born into poverty in rural Peru and grew up in…

Valentinian III

(Encyclopedia) Valentinian III, 419–55, Roman emperor of the West (425–55). Two years after the death of his uncle, Honorius, he was placed on the throne by his cousin Theodosius II, who deposed the…

Zhao Ziyang

(Encyclopedia) Zhao Ziyang or Chao Tzu-yangZhao Ziyangboth: zhou zēyäng [key], 1919–2005, Chinese Communist leader. He joined the party in 1938, was active as a local party leader during World War II…

Zia ur-Rahman, Khaleda

(Encyclopedia) Zia ur-Rahman, Khaleda, or Khaleda ZiaZia ur-Rahman, Khaleda,käˈlĕdä zēˈä &oomacr;r-rämänˈ [key], 1945–, Bangladesh political leader. In 1960 she married Zia ur-Rahman, an army…

Wolf, Markus Johannes

(Encyclopedia) Wolf, Markus JohannesWolf, Markus Johannesmärˈk&oobreve;s yōhänˈəs [key]Wolf, Markus Johannes vôlf [key], 1923–2006, East German spymaster. A legendary cold-war espionage chief, he…

Wingate, Orde Charles

(Encyclopedia) Wingate, Orde CharlesWingate, Orde Charlesôrd [key], 1903–44, British general. He served with the Sudan defense force (1928–33) and on special duty in Palestine (1936–39). It was in…

Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of

(Encyclopedia) Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of, c.1366–1399, English nobleman. He was created earl of Nottingham in 1383, and in 1385 he was made earl marshal of England for life. He joined…

Pilgrimage of Grace

(Encyclopedia) Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, rising of Roman Catholics in N England. It was a protest against the government's abolition of papal supremacy (1534) and confiscation (1536) of the smaller…

Serra, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Serra, Richard, 1939–, American sculptor, b. San Francisco; grad. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara (B.A., 1961), Yale (B.F.A., M.F.A., 1974). Many of his early works (1960s) are cast…

Scott, Sir George Gilbert

(Encyclopedia) Scott, Sir George Gilbert, 1811–78, English architect. Prominent in the Gothic revival, he designed many public structures. He also directed a vast amount of Gothic restoration work,…