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Phelps, Edmund Strother, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Phelps, Edmund Strother, Jr., 1933–, American economist, b. Evanston, Ill., Ph.D. Yale, 1959. He has been a professor at Yale (1960–66), the Univ. of Pennsylvania (1966–71), Columbia (…

Penzias, Arno Allan

(Encyclopedia) Penzias, Arno Allan, 1933–, German-American physicist, b. Munich, Germany, Ph.D. Columbia Univ., 1962. He fled Nazi Germany with his family and after finishing school began work at…

Pavilion Lake

(Encyclopedia) Pavilion Lake, lake, 3.6 mi (5.8 km) long, 2,625 ft (800 m) wide, and 213 ft (65 m) deep at its maximum depth, in Marble Canyon at the S end of the Marble Range near Cache Creek, S…

Backus, John Warner

(Encyclopedia) Backus, John Warner, 1924–2007, American computer scientist, b. Philadelphia, grad. Columbia (M.A. 1950). Trained as a mathematician, he was hired (1950) by IBM Corp. as a computer…

Skagit

(Encyclopedia) SkagitSkagitskăjˈĭt [key], river, c.150 mi (240 km) long, rising in the Cascade Range, British Columbia, and flowing SW through Wash. into Puget Sound. Gorge High Dam, Diablo Dam, and…

Sloane, William Milligan

(Encyclopedia) Sloane, William Milligan, 1850–1926, American historian. After serving as secretary to George Bancroft and studying under Droysen in Germany, he was professor of history at Princeton (…

Smith, George Pearson

(Encyclopedia) Smith, George Pearson, 1941–, American biologist, b. Norwalk, Ct., Ph.D. Harvard, 1970. Smith has been a professor at the Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, since 1975 (emeritus since 2015…

Simkhovitch, Mary Kingsbury

(Encyclopedia) Simkhovitch, Mary KingsburySimkhovitch, Mary Kingsburysĭmkōˈvĭch [key], 1867–1951, American social worker, b. Chestnut Hill, Mass., grad. Boston Univ., 1890. After further study at…

Banneker, Benjamin

(Encyclopedia) Banneker, Benjamin, 1731–1806, African-American inventor, astronomer, and mathematician, b. Baltimore co., Md., at what is now Ellicott's Mills. A free black, Banneker was essentially…

sales tax

(Encyclopedia) sales tax, levy on the sale of goods or services, generally calculated as a percentage of the selling price, and sometimes called a purchase tax. It is usually collected in the form of…