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Klaus, Václav

(Encyclopedia) Klaus, VáclavKlaus, Václavvätˈsläf [key]Klaus, Václav klous [key], 1941–, Czech politician. A staunch free-market economist and leader (1991–2002) of the Civic Democratic party, he has…

Livni, Tzipi

(Encyclopedia) Livni, Tzipi (Tziporah Malkah Livni)Livni, Tzipitsĭpˈpē lĭvˈnē [key], 1958–, Israeli politican, b. Tel Aviv. The daughter of Polish immigrants, both members of the violent Irgun…

Dallas, George Mifflin

(Encyclopedia) Dallas, George Mifflin, 1792–1864, American statesman, vice president of the United States (1845–49), b. Philadelphia; son of Alexander James Dallas. He read law, was admitted (1813)…

Darwish, Mahmoud

(Encyclopedia) Darwish, Mahmoud, 1941–2008, widely considered the Palestinian national poet, b. Barwa, Palestine (now in Israel). He was born to middle-class Sunni Muslim farmers, who were displaced…

holiday

(Encyclopedia) holiday [altered from holy day], day set aside for the commemoration of an important event. Holidays are often accompanied by public ceremonies, such as parades and carnivals, and by…

Hall, Sir Peter Reginald Frederick

(Encyclopedia) Hall, Sir Peter Reginald Frederick, 1930–2017, British theatrical director, b. Bury St. Edmonds, grad. Cambridge, 1953. He directed several acclaimed plays at Cambridge, and one…

Jonathan, Goodluck Ebele

(Encyclopedia) Jonathan, Goodluck Ebele, 1957–, Nigerian politician, president of Nigeria (2010–). An Ijaw from the Niger delta region, he was educated as a zoologist (Ph.D. Univ. of Port Harcourt,…

Sachs, Jeffrey David

(Encyclopedia) Sachs, Jeffrey DavidSachs, Jeffrey Davidsăks [key], 1954–, American economist, b. Detroit; grad. Harvard (B.A. 1976, M.A. 1978, Ph.D. 1980). He joined the Harvard faculty in 1980, and…

Schacht, Hjalmar Horace Greeley

(Encyclopedia) Schacht, Hjalmar Horace GreeleySchacht, Hjalmar Horace Greeleyyälˈmär shäkht [key], 1877–1970, German financier. He held executive positions in several major German banks before…

Paris, Congress of

(Encyclopedia) Paris, Congress of, 1856, conference held by representatives of France, Great Britain, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Sardinia, Russia, Austria, and Prussia to negotiate the peace after…