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Flourens, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Flourens, Pierre (Marie Jean Pierre Flourens)Flourens, Pierrepyĕr fl&oomacr;räNsˈ [key], 1794–1867, French physiologist. He demonstrated the respiratory center in the medulla and…

Faguet, Émile

(Encyclopedia) Faguet, ÉmileFaguet, Émileāmēlˈ fägāˈ [key], 1847–1916, French literary critic and historian. His prolific studies stimulated interest in French intellectual history of the 17th, 18th…

Jaurès, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Jaurès, JeanJaurès, JeanzhäN zhōrĕsˈ [key], 1859–1914, French Socialist leader and historian. A brilliant student and teacher, he entered the chamber of deputies in 1885 and…

Darlan, Jean François

(Encyclopedia) Darlan, Jean FrançoisDarlan, Jean FrançoiszhäN fräNswäˈ därläNˈ [key], 1881–1942, French admiral. A career naval officer, he became commander of the French navy in 1939 and joined the…

Dubuffet, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Dubuffet, JeanDubuffet, JeanzhäN dübüfāˈ [key], 1901–85, French painter and sculptor. Rejecting academic art training, Dubuffet divided his time during the 1920s and 30s between art…

Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Le Verrier, Urbain Jean JosephLe Verrier, Urbain Jean JosephürbăNˈ zhäN zhôzĕfˈ ləvĕryāˈ [key], 1811–77, French astronomer who made calculations that led to the discovery of the planet…

Bodin, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Bodin, JeanBodin, JeanzhäN bôdăNˈ [key], 1530?–1596, French social and political philosopher. He studied and taught at Toulouse and enjoyed a successful legal career. His most notable…

Trichet, Jean-Claude

(Encyclopedia) Trichet, Jean-ClaudeTrichet, Jean-ClaudezhäN-klōd trēˈshĕ [key], 1942–, French banker and government official, b. Lyons. During the 1970s Trichet held a number of French finance and…

Cavalier, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Cavalier, JeanCavalier, JeanzhäN kävälyāˈ [key], 1681?–1740, French Protestant soldier, a leader of the Camisards. From his home in the Cévennes region of France, he fled to Geneva (…