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Gardiner, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Gardiner, Stephen, 1493?–1555, English prelate. He was educated at Cambridge. He became secretary to Thomas (later Cardinal) Wolsey and later secured the favor of Henry VIII by a…

Le Brun, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Le Brun, CharlesLe Brun, Charlesshärl [key]Jachin and Boaz lə bröNˈ [key], 1619–90, French painter, decorator, and architect. He studied with Vouet and in Rome. Strongly influenced by…

East India Company, French

(Encyclopedia) East India Company, French, 1664–1769, commercial enterprise planned by Jean Baptiste Colbert and chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere. It…

Bibliothèque nationale

(Encyclopedia) Bibliothèque nationaleBibliothèque nationalebēblēōtĕkˈ näsyônälˈ [key], national library of France, in Paris, a government archive, and one of the foremost libraries of the world. It…

Hawes, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Hawes, Stephen, c.1475–1530, English poet. His best-known works, the two allegories Example of Virtue (1504?) and Pastime of Pleasure (1505?), use typically medieval conventions, but…

King, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) King, Stephen, 1947–, American writer, b. Portland, Maine. Influenced by the 19th-century Gothic tradition, especially the works of Poe, King's fiction reveals the macabre and horrific…

Gray, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Gray, Stephen, 1666–1736, English physicist. Gray, a dyer by trade, cultivated science as a hobby. In 1696 he published an account of a magnifying glass that interested the Royal…

Hopkins, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Hopkins, Stephen, 1707–85, colonial governor of Rhode Island and political leader in the American Revolution, b. Providence, R.I. A member of the colonial assembly for many years, he…

Miller, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Miller, Stephen, 1985–, American political consultant and government official, b. Santa Monica, Calif., B.A. Duke, 2007. A conservative Republican, Miller worked for the Senate…

Crane, Stephen

(Encyclopedia) Crane, Stephen, 1871–1900, American novelist, poet, and short-story writer, b. Newark, N.J. Often designated the first modern American writer, Crane is ranked among the authors who…