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Büchner, Georg

(Encyclopedia) Büchner, GeorgBüchner, Georggāˈôrk bükhˈnər [key], 1813–37, German dramatist. He was a student of medicine and a political agitator. He died at the age of 24, leaving a powerful drama…

Tippoo Sahib

(Encyclopedia) Tippoo Sahib or Tipu SahibTippoo Sahibboth: tĭpˈ&oomacr; säˈhĭb [key], 1749–99, Indian ruler, sultan of Mysore (1782–99); son and successor of Haidar Ali. He fought in his father's…

Langland, William

(Encyclopedia) Langland, William, c.1332–c.1400, putative author of Piers Plowman. He was born probably at Ledbury near the Welsh marshes and may have gone to school at Great Malvern Priory. Although…

Lalique, René

(Encyclopedia) Lalique, RenéLalique, Renérənāˈ lälēkˈ [key], 1860–1945, French jewelery designer and glassmaker whose works are landmarks of arts nouveau and deco, b. Ay; apprenticed to Parisian…

Ellington, Duke

(Encyclopedia) Ellington, Duke (Edward Kennedy Ellington), 1899–1974, American jazz musician and composer, b. Washington, D.C. Ellington made his first professional appearance as a jazz pianist in…

Irwin, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Irwin, Robert, 1928–, American painter and sculptor, b. Long Beach, Calif. Irwin was one of the founders of the California-based Light and Space movement. Early in his career, he…

National Gallery of Art

(Encyclopedia) National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, established by an act of Congress, 1937. Andrew W. Mellon donated funds for construction of the…

Gentileschi, Artemisia

(Encyclopedia) Gentileschi, ArtemisiaGentileschi, Artemisiaärˌtāmēˈzhə jānˌtēlĕsˈkē [key], c.1597–c.1652, Tuscan painter, daughter and pupil of Orazio Gentileschi, b. Rome. She studied with her…

Frame, Janet

(Encyclopedia) Frame, Janet (Janet Paterson Frame Clutha)Frame, Janetkl&oomacr;ˈthə [key], 1924–2004, New Zealand novelist, b. Dunedin. Frame's complex, disturbing novels are marked by startling…

Woodhull, Victoria (Claflin)

(Encyclopedia) Woodhull, Victoria (Claflin), 1838–1927, and Tennessee Claflin, 1846–1923, American journalists and lecturers, b. Ohio, sisters noted for their beauty and wildly eccentric behavior. As…