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Camino Real, El

(Encyclopedia) Camino Real, El [Span.,=The Royal Road]. There are Camino Reals in most former Spanish possessions, including four in former Spanish territory in the United States. Probably the best-…

Venezuela Claims

(Encyclopedia) Venezuela Claims. In 1902, due to civil strife and to gross mismanagement during the administration of Cipriano Castro, Venezuelan finances were chaotic. Great Britain, Germany, and…

Saint Martin

(Encyclopedia) Saint MartinSaint MartinsăN märtăNˈ [key], Du. Sint Maarten, island, 37 sq mi (96 sq km), West Indies, one of the Leeward Islands. Since its occupation in 1648 by the Dutch and the…

Alberti, Rafael

(Encyclopedia) Alberti, RafaelAlberti, Rafaelräfäĕlˈ [key]Alberti, Rafael älbĕrˈtē [key], 1902–99, Spanish poet. After abandoning an earlier career as a painter, Alberti published his first book,…

Suárez, Francisco

(Encyclopedia) Suárez, FranciscoSuárez, Franciscofränthēsˈkō swäˈrāth [key], 1548–1617, Spanish Jesuit philosopher, b. Granada. He studied at Salamanca and was ordained in 1572. He taught…

Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl

(Encyclopedia) Haya de la Torre, Víctor RaúlHaya de la Torre, Víctor Raúlvēkˈtôr rä&oomacr;lˈ äˈyä dā lä tôˈrĕ [key], 1895–1979, Peruvian political leader, founder of the APRA party. Although he…

Calderón Hinojosa, Felipe de Jesús

(Encyclopedia) Calderón Hinojosa, Felipe de JesúsCalderón Hinojosa, Felipe de Jesúsfālēˈpā dā hās&oomacr;sˈ käldārōnˈ ēˌnōhōˈsä [key], 1962–, Mexican politician, president of Mexico (2006–2012).…

Zedillo Ponce de León, Ernesto

(Encyclopedia) Zedillo Ponce de León, ErnestoZedillo Ponce de León, Ernestoĕrnĕsˈtō zĕdēˈyō pōnˈsā ᵺā lāônˈ [key], 1951–, Mexican politician, president of Mexico (1994–2000). Educated as an economist…

Catalan art

(Encyclopedia) Catalan artCatalan artkătˈəlăn, –lən [key]. In Catalonia and the territories of the counts of Barcelona, art flowered in the early Middle Ages and continued to flourish through the…

Spain: Kings, Queens, Prime Ministers

Kings and Queens Carlos II (1665–1700) Felipe V (1700–1724, 1724–1746) Luis I (1724) Fernando VI (1746–1759) Carlos III (1759–1788) Carlos IV (1788–1808) Joaquín Murat, gran duque de Berg (…