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Hargreaves, James

(Encyclopedia) Hargreaves, JamesHargreaves, Jameshärˈgrēvz [key], 1720?–1778, English engineer. In 1762 he made an unsuccessful attempt to develop a machine for carding, a process preparatory to…

James, P. D.

(Encyclopedia) James, P. D. (Phyllis Dorothy James White, Baroness James of Holland Park), 1920–2014, English mystery novelist, b. Oxford. From 1964 to 1979 she worked in the forensic science and…

Halifax, George Savile, 1st marquess of

(Encyclopedia) Halifax, George Savile, 1st marquess of, 1633–95, English statesman. A protégé of the 2d duke of Buckingham, he was made Viscount Halifax (1668) and sat (1672–76) in the privy council…

Ballantyne, James

(Encyclopedia) Ballantyne, JamesBallantyne, Jamesbălˈəntīn [key], 1772–1833, Scottish editor and publisher. Ballantyne and his brother John set up a publishing business in Edinburgh with the aid of…

Smith, Horatio

(Encyclopedia) Smith, Horatio or Horace, 1779–1849, and James Smith, 1775–1839, English parodists, brothers. They wrote the famous Rejected Addresses (1812) which burlesqued such contemporary poets…

Pall Mall

(Encyclopedia) Pall MallPall Mallpĕl mĕl, păl măl [key], street in the City of Westminster borough, London, England. It is the main thoroughfare of St. James's district. St. James's Palace,…

Paget, Sir James

(Encyclopedia) Paget, Sir JamesPaget, Sir Jamespăjˈĭt [key], 1814–99, British surgeon and pathologist. He taught and practiced at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and cataloged the museums of St.…

Fitzsimmons, Robert L.

(Encyclopedia) Fitzsimmons, Robert L., 1863–1918, British boxer, b. Cornwall, England. Fitzsimmons began fighting professionally in Australia and New Zealand before going to the United States in 1890…

Stirling, Sir James Frazer

(Encyclopedia) Stirling, Sir James Frazer, 1924–92, British architect., b. Glasgow, grad. Univ. of Liverpool school of architecture (1950). Settling in London, Stirling worked in partnership (1956–63…

Beaton, David

(Encyclopedia) Beaton or Bethune, DavidBeaton or Bethune, Davidboth: bēˈtən [key], 1494–1546, Scottish churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made cardinal in 1538 and succeeded his…