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St. John, Oliver

(Encyclopedia) St. John, OliverSt. John, Oliversĭnˈjən [key], 1598?–1673, English politician. He married (1638) a cousin of Oliver Cromwell. In 1637–38 he was, by his brilliant defense of John…

Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio, marchese di

(Encyclopedia) Gattinara, Mercurino Arborio, marchese diGattinara, Mercurino Arborio, marchese dimĕrc&oomacr;rēˈnō ärbôˈrēō märkĕˈza dē gätˌtēnäˈrä [key], 1465–1530, Italian statesman and jurist…

James II, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona

(Encyclopedia) James II, c.1260–1327, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1291–1327), king of Sicily (1285–95). He succeeded his father, Peter III, in Sicily and his brother, Alfonso III, in…

Charles, Jacques Alexandre César

(Encyclopedia) Charles, Jacques Alexandre CésarCharles, Jacques Alexandre Césarzhäk älĕksäNˈdrə sāzärˈ shärl [key], 1746–1823, French physicist. He confirmed Benjamin Franklin's electrical…

Charles River Bridge Case

(Encyclopedia) Charles River Bridge Case, decided in 1837 by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Charles River Bridge Company had been granted (1785) a charter by the state of Massachusetts to operate a toll…

Leoni, Leone

(Encyclopedia) Leoni, LeoneLeoni, Leonelāōˈnā lāōˈnē [key], 1509–90, Italian sculptor and medalist, called Leone Aretino. Entering the service of the emperor, Charles V, he devoted himself to making…

Bent, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Bent, Charles, 1799–1847, American frontiersman, b. St. Louis. He entered the fur trade of the Missouri River and became one of the mountain men. His interests turned to the Southwest…

Russell of Killowen, Charles Russell, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Russell of Killowen, Charles Russell, BaronRussell of Killowen, Charles Russell, Baronkĭlōˈən [key], 1832–1900, British jurist, b. Ireland. He practiced law in Belfast and London…

Saint Charles

(Encyclopedia) Saint Charles. 1 City (1990 pop. 22,501), Kane co., NE Ill., on the Fox River, a suburb of Chicago; inc. 1850. Located in an agricultural area (corn and soybeans), the city has food-…

Michael VIII, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Michael VIII (Michael Palaeologus), c.1225–1282, Byzantine emperor (1261–82), first of the Palaeologus dynasty. Following the murder of the regent for Emperor John IV of Nicaea, he was…