Eindhoven
[key], city, North Brabant prov., S Netherlands, on the Dommel River. It
is an industrial center and rail junction. Chartered in 1232, Eindhoven was
a small town until the founding (1891) of the Philips Electrical Company;
then the city rapidly expanded. The company became one of the world's major
lighting, electronics, and healthcare equipment firms and a multinational
corporation. In the 1980s much of its manufacturing was moved to Asia and,
though elements of the company remain in Eindhoven, its headquarters were
moved to Amsterdam in 1997. In World War II, the city was taken (Sept.,
1944) by Allied troops in a major airborne operation; a simultaneous landing
at Arnhem failed.
Eindhoven has a technical university and a noted design academy. The city is
now a cultural and design center, with art and craft studios, design
ateliers, cafes, retail shops, and other facilities in former factory
buildings.
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