Brest
[key], Pol. Brześć nad Bugiem, city,
capital of Brest region, W Belarus, at the confluence of the Western Bug and
Mukhavets rivers near the Polish border. As a point of entry into Belarus,
it has industrial, commercial, and transportation concerns. Industries
include food processing and the production of metals, textiles, and
electrical machinery. Founded by Slavs in 1017 as Bereste, the city was
conquered by the Mongols in 1241 and by Lithuania in 1319. During the 14th
cent. it was renamed Brest-Litovsk. In 1569 it became capital of the newly
merged Polish and Lithuanian state. Brest passed to Russia in the third
partition of Poland (1795). German forces took the city in 1915 and three
years later signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Soviet Russia there.
Held by Poland between the world wars, Brest was regained by the USSR in
1939, occupied by Germany from 1941–44, and finally liberated by the
Soviet army.
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