Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
[key], province, c.85,000 sq mi (220,150 sq km), S China, bordering on
Vietnam. The capital is Nanning. Guangxi
is drained by the navigable Xi River and its many tributaries. It is in the
double-crop agricultural belt, but because of the hilly and mountainous
terrain only about 10% to 15% of the land is cultivated. Rice is an
important crop, and Guangxi is a major sugarcane-producing area. Wheat,
corn, sweet potatoes, peanuts, tropical and subtropical fruit, sesame,
rapeseed, jute, and tobacco are also grown, chiefly in the Xi River plain.
Forestry is centered around Liuzhou; timber and tung oil are valuable
commodities. Fishing is an important industry; the nearby Gulf of Tonkin has
fishing grounds rich in croaker, herring, squid, perch, and mackerel.
Guangxi is a major producer of manganese ore, coal, iron, tin, and
fluorspar. Crude oil has been discovered in the Gulf of Tonkin. Guangxi has
a mix of light and heavy industries, such as oil refineries, fertilizer and
cement plants, iron, steel, and textile mills, and factories that produce
paper, leather, pharmaceuticals, and handicrafts. In the late 1970s and
early 80s many light industrial businesses where given managerial autonomy,
which resulted in increased productivity. Tourism is a growing industry. The
region has an extensive network of waterways, in addition to several roads
and railroads; a railway runs to Vietnam. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region, which has a large non-Chinese minority, was created in 1958 from
Guangxi prov. The Zhuang are the second largest ethnic group in China after
the Han, and are by far the largest minority in the region. Other tribes
include the Yao and Miao. Many Chinese Muslims also live in Guangxi. The
name sometimes appears as Kwangsi Chuang.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2024, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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