Fort Caroline, settlement near the mouth of the St. Johns River, NE Fla.; est. 1564 by French Huguenots under René de Laudonnière. A Spanish force led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés attacked the fort in 1565, killed most of the colonists, and renamed the fort San Mateo. This was avenged by a French force led by Dominique de Gourgues, who in 1568 wiped out the garrison at San Mateo. Fort Caroline National Memorial includes a replica of the original fort (see National Parks and Monuments, tablenational parks and monuments, table).
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