Broadcasting Timeline
Updated June 26, 2020 |
Infoplease Staff
Here are key moments in the evolution and history of broadcasting.
- 1897
- K.F. Braun invents the cathode-ray tube.
- 1906
- Reginald Fessenden invents wireless telephony, a means for radio waves to carry signals a significant distance.
- 1912
- The Radio Act of 1912 assigns three- and four-letter codes to radio stations and limits broadcasting to the 360m wavelength, which jams signals.
- 1920
- KDKA, a Pittsburgh Westinghouse station, transmits the first commercial radio broadcast.
- 1922
- Reacting to problems posed by the Radio Act of 1912, the Commerce Department allows powerful stations to use the 400m wavelength as long as they only broadcast live music.
- 1923
- Russian immigrant Vladimir Kosma Zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube. He patents the first color tube in 1925.
- A.C. Nielsen Company is founded and provides measurements of radio audiences for advertisers.
- 1925
- Radio's The Smith Family introduces the soap opera format.
- 1926
- RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse establish NBC, which operates two national radio networks.
- 1927
- Philo Farnsworth transmits the first all-electronic television image.
- 1928
- John Baird beams a television image from England to the United States.
- GE introduces a television set with a 3" í 4" screen.
- The first television is sold - a Daven for $75.
- 1929
- CBS is founded by William S. Paley.
- 1930
- Crossley Inc. tabulates the first formal radio ratings system.
- 1931
- There are nearly 40,000 television sets in the United States; 9,000 of them are in New York City alone.
- 1933
- Edwin Armstrong introduces Frequency Modulation (FM), a static-free method of transmission.
- 1934
- The Communications Act of 1934 creates the Federal Communications Commission, which regulates broadcasting.
- 1936
- The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) debuts the world's first television service with three hours of programming a day.
- 1937
- Edgar Bergen and his puppet Charlie McCarthy make their television debut on NBC.
- 1938
- Orson Welles broadcasts his adaptation of H.G. Wells's War of the Worlds on October 30, creating a nationwide panic as listeners believe that aliens have landed in New Jersey.
- Information Please quiz show debuts on radio.
- 1939
- Robert Kane introduces the Batman cartoon.
- 1940
- CBS demonstrates color television in New York.
- WNBT, the first regularly operating television station, debuts in New York with an estimated 10,000 viewers.
- It's a bird! It's a plane! It's Superman! The radio show debuts.
- The first Bugs Bunny cartoon.
- 1943
- Radio classic Amos 'n' Andy is canceled after 15 years and more than 4,000 consecutive shows.
- 1944
- The first instance of network censorship occurs. The sound is cut off on the Eddie Cantor and Nora Martin duet, “We're Having a Baby, My Baby and Me.“
- The DuMont network goes on the air. Paramount Pictures backs the start-up enterprise, but its lack of affiliated radio networks leads to its early demise in 1956.
- 1945
- The orthicon tube, developed by RCA, improves light sensitivity a hundredfold.
- The FCC creates the commercial broadcasting spectrum of 13 channels, and 130 applications for broadcast licenses follow.
- 1946
- Faraway Hill, what many television historians consider to be the first network soap opera, debuts on the DuMont network.
- 1947
- The Yankees beat the Dodgers in seven games in the first televised World Series.
- Meet the Press debuts on NBC. The first news show will become television's longest-running program.
- 1949
- The first Emmy Awards are handed out on January 25, with Pantomime Quiz Time earning top honor as the Most Popular Television Program.
- Cable television brings better reception to rural areas where the conventional television signal is weak.
- Milton Berle hosts the first telethon, which benefits cancer research.
- These Are My Children, a live, 15-minute show, premieres on NBC. It is the first continuing daytime drama.
- 1950
- Saturday morning children's programming begins.
- Phonevision, the first pay-per-view service, becomes available.
- 1951
- Color television introduced in the U.S.
- For the first time, a nationwide program airs. Edward R. Murrow, in the first broadcast of his See It Now series, tells viewers, as he looks into the split-screen image of the Golden Gate and Brooklyn bridges, that they for the first time are able to see the Atlantic and Pacific oceans simultaneously.
- 1952
- Leonard Nimoy appears in a science fiction series. (No, not that one.) In Zombies of the Stratosphere, Nimoy portrays the Martian Narab.
- Television's first magazine-format program, the Today show, debuts on NBC with Dave Garroway hosting.
- The Jackie Gleason Show (The Honeymooners) debuts on CBS, beginning a two-decade run.
- 1953
- Loretta Young abandons Hollywood for her stylish debut on the small screen.
- Lucille Ball gives birth to Desi Arnaz, Jr. on same day the fictional Little Ricky is born on I Love Lucy.
- 1954
- The revenue for television broadcasters finally surpasses that of radio broadcasters. Gross revenue for television is $593 million.
- NBC broadcasts the World Series in color for the first time.
- The first watch is tested for durability on camera. And it is a Bulova, not a Timex. The timepiece is attached to a ball and hurled over Niagara Falls.
- 1955
- Gunsmoke debuts on CBS, and will go on to be television's longest-running western.
- 1956
- The Wizard of Oz has its first airing on TV.
- 1957
- Columbia University professor Charles Van Doren becomes a media sensation by winning $129,000 on the quiz show Twenty One.
- Leave It to Beaver premieres on CBS, ushering in an era of television shows that depict the ideal American family.
- 1959
- Rumors of cheating on quiz shows erupt into a national scandal.
- 1960
- Seventy million people watch the presidential debate between Sen. John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard Nixon.
- Ninety percent of U.S. homes have a television set.
- 1962
- The first transatlantic television transmission occurs via the Telestar Satellite, making worldwide television and cable networks a reality.
- Johnny Carson takes over hosting duties of The Tonight Show.
- 1963
- Viewers tuned into NBC witness Jack Ruby shoot Lee Harvey Oswald on camera - the first live telecast of a murder.
- The French Chef with Julia Child debuts on educational television.
- 1964
- Peyton Place premieres on ABC and is the first prime-time soap opera.
- Color television makes its way into U.S. homes.
- 1965
- ABC pays an unprecedented $32 million for a four-year contract with the NCAA to broadcast football games on Saturday afternoons.
- Bill Cosby, starring in I Spy, becomes the first African American to headline a television show.
- 1966
- The first Star Trek episode, “The Man Trap,“ is broadcast on September 8. The plot concerns a creature that sucks salt from human bodies.
- CBS backs out of plans to broadcast Psycho, deeming the movie too violent for at-home viewing.
- 1967
- Congress creates PBS.
- 1968
- 60 Minutes airs on CBS, beginning its reign as the longest-running prime-time newsmagazine.
- 1969
- Children's Television Workshop introduces Sesame Street.
- 1970
- FCC regulations require separate ownership of television networks and studios.
- Monday Night Football debuts on ABC, with Howard Cosell, Keith Jackson, and Don Meredith giving play-by-play.
- 1971
- All in the Family debuts on CBS and introduces a trend in socially conscious programming.
- 1972
- Time Inc. transmits HBO, the first pay cable network.
- The National Institute of Mental Health and the surgeon general issue a report that claims exposure to violence on television fosters aggression in children.
- M*A*S*H premieres on CBS.
- 1973
- PBS airs the reality series An American Family, about the dysfunctional Loud family.
- 1975
- ABC, CBS and NBC agree to create a “family hour,“ an early evening time slot that is free of violence and sex.
- Saturday Night Live premieres on NBC. George Carlin hosts the first show.
- 1976
- NBC broadcasts Gone with the Wind and scores record-breaking ratings.
- 1977
- The TV miniseries Roots draws an audience of 130 million.
- 1980
- Ted Turner launches CNN, the first all-news network.
- 1981
- The Supreme Court rules to allow television cameras in the courtroom.
- 1983
- More than 125 million viewers tune in to the last episode of M*A*S*H.
- 1984
- The Cosby Show debuts on NBC. The sitcom is widely considered the most popular show of the 1980s.
- The Supreme Court rules that taping television shows at home on VCRs does not violate copyright law.
- 1986
- Barry Diller, head of News Corp., creates Fox, the fourth television network. Fox offers 10 hours of prime-time programming a week.
- The Television Bureau of Advertising announces that the average American household watches television for more than seven hours a day.
- The Oprah Winfrey Show hits national television.
- 1987
- thirtysomething debuts on ABC and departs from typical dramas, featuring analytical, self-absorbed baby-boomer characters.
- 1988
- Ninety-eight percent of U.S. households have at least one television set.
- Ted Turner starts Turner Network Television (TNT) and buys MGM's film library.
- 1989
- America's beloved comedienne Lucille Ball dies at age 78.
- 1990
- Ninety-nine percent of U.S. households have at least one radio, with the average owning five.
- The Simpsons debuts on Fox and becomes an instant hit.
- Seinfeld debuts on NBC.
- 1991
- Fox Broadcasting is the first network to permit condom advertising on television.
- 1992
- There are 900 million television sets in use around the world; 201 million are in the United States.
- Johnny Carson hosts The Tonight Show for the last time. He had ruled late-night television for 20 years.
- 1994
- ER and Friends debut on NBC, establishing NBC's dominance of the Thursday-night lineup.
- 1996
- President Bill Clinton signs legislation that significantly deregulates telecommunications, creating almost limitless opportunities for broadcasters and cable companies.
- Pressured by the Federal Communications Commission, television broadcasters agree to include three hours a week of educational children's programming into their schedule.
- Broadcasters and television and PC manufacturers agree on a standard for HDTV (high-definition digital television).
- 1997
- The controversial television ratings system debuts on cable stations and broadcast networks. The ratings, TV-Y, TV-G, TV-Y7, TV-PG, TV-14 and TV-M, appear for 15 seconds in the upper left-hand corner of the screen at the beginning of each show, except news and sports programs, which are not rated.
- 1998
- An estimated 76 million viewers watch the last episode of Seinfeld.
- NBC agrees to fork over $13 million an episode for the next three years for broadcast rights to the top-rated series ER. The total dollar figure, $850 million, eclipses any price ever paid for a television show.
- 1999
- ER's Dr. Doug Ross bids a bitter farewell to Chicago's General Memorial Hospital. George Clooney played the maverick pediatrician since the show debuted in 1994.
- 2000
- Reality TV mania hits the U.S. The phenomena begins with British import Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. ABC broadcasts the gameshow, with Regis Philbin hosting. The show runs as many as five times a week, and Philbin's monochrome wardrobe sparks a fad among men. Next to come is Survivor, which boasts out-sized ratings, out-sized egos, out-sized personalities, and out-sized conflicts. A series of knockoffs follow, including 2001's The Mole and Temptation Island.
- 2001
- Reality TV continues to dominate the airwaves. For the first time in eight years, NBC's “Must-See“ Thursday night lineup does not reign in the ratings. Survivor II: The Australian Outback consistently beats Friends.
- 2014
- The Supreme Court decides in a six to three vote that the start-up streaming company Aereo violated copyright laws by capturing and offering broadcast signals to their subscribers for a fee. The Court's ruling in ABC v. Aereo is in favor of the major networks in the television broadcasting industry which argued that Aereo was stealing their programming.
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