Presidential Elections, 1789-2020

Updated January 25, 2022 | Infoplease Staff

Election results for every election, from 1789 to the present. Includes all candidates, their parties, number of electoral and popular votes.

For the original method of electing the president and the vice president (elections of 1789, 1792, 1796, and 1800), see Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution. The election of 1804 was the first one in which the electors voted for president and vice president on separate ballots. (See Amendment XII to the Constitution.)

Year	Presidential candidate	Party	Electoral votes
1789 ¹	George Washington John Adams Scattering Votes not cast	(no party) (no party) (no party)	69 34 35 8
1792	George Washington John Adams George Clinton Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr Votes not cast	Federalist Federalist Anti-Federalist Anti-Federalist Anti-Federalist	132 77 50 4 1 6
1796	John Adams Thomas Jefferson Thomas Pinckney Aaron Burr Scattering	Federalist Dem.-Rep. Federalist Dem.-Rep.	71 68 59 30 48
1800 ²	Thomas Jefferson Aaron Burr John Adams Charles C. Pinckney John Jay	Dem.-Rep. Dem.-Rep. Federalist Federalist Federalist	73 73 65 64 1

Year	Presidential candidate	Party	Electoral votes	Vice-presidential candidate	Party	Electoral votes
1804	Thomas Jefferson Charles C. Pinckney	Dem.-Rep. Federalist	162 14	George Clinton Rufus King	Dem.-Rep. Federalist	162 14
1808	James Madison Charles C. Pinckney George Clinton Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist Dem.-Rep.	122 47 6 1	George Clinton Rufus King John Langdon James Madison James Monroe Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist Ind. (no party) Dem.-Rep. Dem.-Rep.	113 47 9 3 3 1
1812	James Madison De Witt Clinton Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist	128 89 1	Elbridge Gerry Jared Ingersoll Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist	131 86 1
1816	James Monroe Rufus King Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist	183 34 4	Daniel D. Tompkins John E. Howard James Ross John Marshall Robert G. Harper Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Federalist Ind (no party) Federalist Ind. (no party)	183 22 5 4 3 4
1820	James Monroe John Quincy Adams Votes not cast	Dem-Rep Ind. (no party)	231 1 3	Daniel D. Tompkins Richard Stockton Daniel Rodney Richard Rush Robert G. Harper Votes not cast	Dem.-Rep. Ind. (no party) Ind. (no party) Ind. (no party) Ind. (no party)	218 8 4 1 1 3
1824 ³	John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson William H. Crawford Henry Clay	(no party) (no party) (no party) (no party)	84 99 41 37	John C. Calhoun Nathan Sanford Nathaniel Macon Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren Henry Clay Votes not cast	(no party) (no party) (no party) (no party) (no party) (no party)	182 30 24 13 9 2 1
1828	Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams	Democratic Natl. Rep.	178 83	John C. Calhoun Richard Rush William Smith	Democratic Natl. Rep. Democratic	171 83 7
1832	Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John Floyd William Wirt Votes not cast	Democratic Natl. Rep. Ind. (no party) Antimasonic⁴	219 49 11 7 2	Martin Van Buren John Sergeant Henry Lee Amos Ellmaker William Wilkins Votes not cast	Democratic Natl. Rep. Ind. (no party) Antimasonic Ind. (no party)	189 49 11 7 30 2
1836	Martin Van Buren William H. Harrison Hugh L. White Daniel Webster W. P. Mangum	Democratic Whig Whig Whig Ind. (no party)	170 73 26 14 11	Richard M. Johnson⁵ Francis Granger John Tyler William Smith	Democratic Whig Whig Ind. (no party)	147 77 47 23
1840	William H. Harrison⁶ Martin Van Buren	Whig Democratic	234 60	John Tyler Richard M. Johnson L. W. Tazewell James K. Polk	Whig Democratic Ind. (no party) Democratic	234 48 11 1
1844	James K. Polk Henry Clay	Democratic Whig	170 105	George M. Dallas Theo. Frelinghuysen	Democratic Whig	170 105
1848	Zachary Taylor⁷ Lewis Cass	Whig Democratic	163 127	Millard Fillmore William O. Butler	Whig Democratic	163 127
1852	Franklin Pierce Winfield Scott	Democratic Whig	254 42	William R. King William A. Graham	Democratic Whig	254 42
1856	James Buchanan John C. Fremont Millard Fillmore	Democratic Republican American⁸	174 114 8	John C. Breckinridge William L. Dayton A. J. Donelson	Democratic Republican American⁸	174 114 8
1860	Abraham Lincoln John C. Breckinridge John Bell Stephen A. Douglas	Republican Democratic Const. Union Democratic	180 72 39 12	Hannibal Hamlin Joseph Lane Edward Everett H. V. Johnson	Republican Democratic Const. Union Democratic	180 72 39 12
1864	Abraham Lincoln⁹ George B. McClellan	Union¹⁰ Democratic	212 21	Andrew Johnson G. H. Pendleton	Union¹⁰ Democratic	212 21
1868	Ulysses S. Grant Horatio Seymour Votes not counted¹¹	Republican Democratic	214 80 23	Schuyler Colfax Francis P. Blair, Jr. Votes not counted¹¹	Republican Democratic	214 80 23

NOTE: The Constitution specifies that the president and vice president be chosen through the votes cast by electors chosen by the states, rather than by a direct popular vote. At first, some electors were chosen by state legislatures, but by 1836 all states but South Carolina chose electors through a statewide popular vote. (S.C. followed suit in 1860.) Today, all states but Maine and Nebraska have a winner-take-all system in which all of a given state's electors vote for the winner of that state's popular vote. While not legally significant, the number of popular votes given nationwide to each major presidential candidate are listed here for elections beginning in 1872.

Year	Presidential candidate	Party	Electoral votes	Popular votes	Vice-presidential candidate and party
1872	Ulysses S. Grant Horace Greeley Thomas A. Hendricks B. Gratz Brown Charles J. Jenkins David Davis Votes not counted	Republican Dem., Liberal Rep. Democratic Dem., Liberal Rep. Democratic Democratic	286 (¹²) 42 18 2 1 17	3,597,132 2,834,125	Henry Wilson-R B. Gratz Brown-D, LR-(47) Scattering-(19) Vote not counted-(14)
1876 ¹³	Rutherford B. Hayes Samuel J. Tilden Peter Cooper	Republican Democratic Greenback	185 184 0	4,033,768 4,285,992 81,737	William A. Wheeler-R Thomas A. Hendricks-D Samuel F. Cary-G
1880	James A. Garfield¹⁴ Winfield S. Hancock James B. Weaver	Republican Democratic Greenback	214 155 0	4,449,053 4,442,035 308,578	Chester A. Arthur-R William H. English-D B. J. Chambers-G
1884	Grover Cleveland James G. Blaine Benjamin F. Butler John P. St. John	Democratic Republican Greenback Prohibition	219 182 0 0	4,911,017 4,848,334 175,370 150,369	Thomas A. Hendricks-D John A. Logan-R A. M. West-G William Daniel-P
1888	Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland Clinton B. Fisk Alson J. Streeter	Republican Democratic Prohibition Union Labor	233 168 0 0	5,440,216 5,538,233 249,506 146,935	Levi P. Morton-R A. G. Thurman-D John A. Brooks-P Charles E. Cunningham-UL
1892	Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison James B. Weaver John Bidwell	Democratic Republican People's¹⁵ Prohibition	277 145 22 0	5,556,918 5,176,108 1,041,028 264,133	Adlai E. Stevenson-D Whitelaw Reid-R James G. Field-Peo James B. Cranfill-P
1896	William McKinley William J. Bryan John M. Palmer Joshua Levering	Republican Dem., People's¹⁵ Natl. Dem. Prohibition	271 176 0 0	7,035,638 6,467,946 133,148 132,007	Garret A. Hobart-R Arthur Sewall-D-(149) Thomas E. Watson-Peo-(27) Simon B. Buckner-ND Hale Johnson-P
1900	William McKinley¹⁶ William J. Bryan Eugene V. Debs	Republican Dem., People's¹⁵ Social Democratic	292 155 0	7,219,530 6,358,071 94,768	Theodore Roosevelt-R Adlai E. Stevenson-D, Peo Job Harriman-SD
1904	Theodore Roosevelt Alton B. Parker Eugene V. Debs	Republican Democratic Socialist	336 140 0	7,628,834 5,084,491 402,400	Charles W. Fairbanks-R Henry G. Davis-D Benjamin Hanford-S
1908	William H. Taft William J. Bryan Eugene V. Debs	Republican Democratic Socialist	321 162 0	7,679,006 6,409,106 402,820	James S. Sherman-R John W. Kern-D Benjamin Hanford-S
1912	Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt William H. Taft Eugene V. Debs	Democratic Progressive Republican Socialist	435 88 8 0	6,286,214 4,126,020 3,483,922 897,011	Thomas R. Marshall-D Hiram Johnson-Prog Nicholas M. Butler-R¹⁷ Emil Seidel-S
1916	Woodrow Wilson Charles E. Hughes A. L. Benson	Democratic Republican Socialist	277 254 0	9,129,606 8,538,221 585,113	Thomas R. Marshall-D Charles W. Fairbanks-R G. R. Kirkpatrick-S
1920	Warren G. Harding¹⁸ James M. Cox Eugene V. Debs	Republican Democratic Socialist	404 127 0	16,152,200 9,147,353 917,799	Calvin Coolidge-R Franklin D. Roosevelt-D Seymour Stedman-S
1924	Calvin Coolidge John W. Davis Robert M. LaFollette	Republican Democratic Progressive, Socialist	382 136 13	15,725,016 8,385,586 4,822,856	Charles G. Dawes-R Charles W. Bryan-D Burton K. Wheeler-Prog, S
1928	Herbert Hoover Alfred E. Smith Norman Thomas	Republican Democratic Socialist	444 87 0	21,392,190 15,016,443 267,420	Charles Curtis-R Joseph T. Robinson-D James H. Maurer-S
1932	Franklin D. Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Norman Thomas	Democratic Republican Socialist	472 59 0	22,821,857 15,761,841 884,781	John N. Garner-D Charles Curtis-R James H. Maurer-S
1936	Franklin D. Roosevelt Alfred M. Landon Norman Thomas	Democratic Republican Socialist	523 8 0	27,751,597 16,679,583 187,720	John N. Garner-D Frank Knox-R George Nelson-S
1940	Franklin D. Roosevelt Wendell L. Willkie Norman Thomas	Democratic Republican Socialist	449 82 0	27,244,160 22,305,198 99,557	Henry A. Wallace-D Charles L. McNary-R Maynard C. Krueger-S
1944	Franklin D. Roosevelt¹⁹ Thomas E. Dewey Norman Thomas	Democratic Republican Socialist	432 99 0	25,602,504 22,006,285 80,518	Harry S. Truman-D John W. Bricker-R Darlington Hoopes-S
1948	Harry S. Truman Thomas E. Dewey J. Strom Thurmond Henry A. Wallace Norman Thomas	Democratic Republican States' Rights Dem. Progressive Socialist	303 189 39 0 0	24,179,345 21,991,291 1,176,125 1,157,326 139,572	Alben W. Barkley-D Earl Warren-R Fielding L. Wright-SR Glen Taylor-Prog Tucker P. Smith-S
1952	Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai E. Stevenson	Republican Democratic	442 89	33,936,234 27,314,992	Richard M. Nixon-R John J. Sparkman-D
1956	Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai E. Stevenson	Republican Democratic	457 73²⁰	35,590,472 26,022,752	Richard M. Nixon-R Estes Kefauver-D
1960	John F. Kennedy²¹ Richard M. Nixon	Democratic Republican	303 219²²	34,226,731 34,108,157	Lyndon B. Johnson-D Henry Cabot Lodge-R
1964	Lyndon B. Johnson Barry M. Goldwater	Democratic Republican	486 52	43,129,484 27,178,188	Hubert H. Humphrey-D William E. Miller-R
1968	Richard M. Nixon Hubert H. Humphrey George C. Wallace	Republican Democratic American Independent	301 191 46	31,785,480 31,275,166 9,906,473	Spiro T. Agnew-R Edmund S. Muskie-D Curtis F. LeMay-Al
1972	Richard M. Nixon²³ George McGovern John G. Schmitz	Republican Democratic American	520²⁴ 17 0	47,169,911 29,170,383 1,099,482	Spiro T. Agnew-R Sargent Shriver-D Thomas J. Anderson-A
1976	Jimmy Carter Gerald R. Ford Eugene J. McCarthy	Democratic Republican Independent	297 240²⁵ 0	40,830,763 39,147,973 756,631	Walter F. Mondale-D Robert J. Dole-R None
1980	Ronald Reagan Jimmy Carter John B. Anderson	Republican Democratic Independent	489 49 0	43,899,248 36,481,435 5,719,437	George Bush-R Walter F. Mondale-D Patrick J. Lucey-I
1984	Ronald Reagan Walter F. Mondale	Republican Democratic	525 13	54,455,075 37,577,185	George Bush-R Geraldine A. Ferraro-D
1988	George H. Bush Michael S. Dukakis	Republican Democratic	426 111²⁶	48,886,097 41,809,074	J. Danforth Quayle-R Lloyd Bentsen-D
1992	William J. Clinton George H. Bush H. Ross Perot	Democratic Republican Independent	370 168 0	44,909,889 39,104,545 19,742,267	Albert A. Gore, J.-D J. Danforth Quayle-R James B. Stockdale-I
1996	William J. Clinton Robert J. Dole H. Ross Perot	Democratic Republican Reform Party²⁷	379 159 0	47,402,357 39,198,755 8,085,402	Albert A. Gore, Jr.-D Jack F. Kemp-R Pat Choate-RP²⁷
2000	George W. Bush Albert A. Gore Ralph Nader	Republican Democratic Green Party	271 266²⁸ 0	50,456,002 50,999,897 2,882,955	Richard B. Cheney-R Joseph I. Lieberman-D Winona LaDuke-GP
2004	George W. Bush John F. Kerry	Republican Democratic	286 251²⁹	62,028,285 59,028,109	Richard B. Cheney-R John Edwards-D
2008	Barack Obama John McCain	Democratic Republican	365 173	66,862,039 58,319,442	Joseph Biden-D Sarah Palin-R
2012	Barack Obama Mitt Romney	Democratic Republican	332 206	62,616,535 59,090,075	Joseph Biden-D Paul Ryan-R
2016	Donald Trump Hillary Clinton	Republican Democratic	306³⁰ 232³¹	62,979,636 65,844,610	Mike Pence—R Tim Kaine—D
2020	Donald Trump Joe Biden	Republican Democratic	232 306	74,224,319 81,284,666	Mike Pence—R Kamala Harris—D

1. Only 10 states participated in the election. The New York legislature chose no electors, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution.

2. As Jefferson and Burr were tied, the House of Representatives chose the president. In a vote by states, 10 votes were cast for Jefferson, 4 for Burr; 2 votes were not cast.

3. As no candidate had an electoral-vote majority, the House of Representatives chose the president from the first three. In a vote by states, 13 votes were cast for Adams, 7 for Jackson, and 4 for Crawford.

4. The Antimasonic Party on Sept. 26, 1831, was the first party to hold a nominating convention to choose candidates for president and vice president.

5. As Johnson did not have an electoral-vote majority, the Senate chose him 33-14 over Granger, the others being legally out of the race.

6. Harrison died April 4, 1841, and Tyler succeeded him April 6.

7. Taylor died July 9, 1850, and Fillmore succeeded him July 10.

8. Also known as the Know-Nothing Party.

9. Lincoln died April 15, 1865, and Johnson succeeded him the same day.

10. Name adopted by the Republican National Convention of 1864. Johnson was a War Democrat.

11. 23 Southern electoral votes were excluded.

12. Greeley died Nov. 29, 1872, before his 66 electors voted; 63 of Greeley's votes were scattered among four of the other candidates.

13. Hayes was chosen by a special electoral commission since initially neither candidate had the requisite 185 electoral votes.

14. Garfield died Sept. 19, 1881, and Arthur succeeded him Sept. 20.

15. Members of People's Party were called Populists.

16. McKinley died Sept. 14, 1901, and Roosevelt succeeded him the same day.

17. James S. Sherman, Republican candidate for vice president, died Oct. 30, 1912, and the Republican electoral votes were cast for Butler.

18. Harding died Aug. 2, 1923, and Coolidge succeeded him Aug. 3.

19. Roosevelt died April 12, 1945, and Truman succeeded him the same day.

20. One electoral vote from Alabama was cast for Walter B. Jones.

21. Kennedy died Nov. 22, 1963, and Johnson succeeded him the same day.

22. Sen. Harry F. Byrd received 15 electoral votes.

23. Nixon resigned Aug. 9, 1974, and Gerald R. Ford succeeded him the same day.

24. One electoral vote from Virginia was cast for John Hospers, Libertarian Party.

25. One electoral vote from Washington was cast for Ronald Reagan.

26. One electoral vote from West Virginia was cast for Lloyd Bentsen.

27. Perot helped establish the Reform Party following his defeat in the 1992 election.

28. One elector from the District of Columbia left her ballot blank to protest the city's lack of representation in Congress, leaving Gore with 266 electoral votes instead of 267.

29. One elector from Minnesota cast a vote for John Edwards.

30. The 2016 election saw a historic number of electors change their votes, with 2 pledged to Donald Trump voting for John Kasich (1, Texas) and Ron Paul (1, Texas).

31. The 2016 election saw a historic number of electors change their votes, with 5 pledged to Hillary Clinton voting for Colin Powell (3, Washington), Bernie Sanders (1, Hawaii), and Faith Spotted Eagle (1, Washington).

Presidential Election of 2000, Electoral and Popular Vote Summary

U.S. Elections

2000 Election Chronology

Presidential Election of 2000, Electoral and Popular Vote Summary 2000 Election Chronology

Sources +

See also: