1990 – 1999 World History
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1990
- World Wide Web debuts, popularizes Internet. Gen. Manuel Noriega surrenders in Panama (Jan. 3). Yugoslav Communists end 45-year monopoly of power (Jan. 22). Soviet Communists relinquish sole power (Feb. 7). South Africa frees Nelson Mandela, imprisoned 271/2 years (Feb. 11). Violeta Barrios de Chamorro inaugurated as Nicaraguan president. Hubble Space Telescope launched (April 25). U.S.-Soviet summit reaches accord on armaments (June 1). Western Alliance ends cold war and proposes joint action with Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (July 6). U.S. Appeals Court overturns Oliver North's Iran-Contra conviction (July 20). Iraqi troops invade Kuwait and seize petroleum reserves, setting off Persian Gulf War (For detailed chronology, see The Persian Gulf War.) (Aug. 2 et seq.). East and West Germany reunited (Oct. 3). Republicans set back in midterm elections (Nov. 8). Gorbachev assumes emergency powers (Nov. 17). Leaders of 34 nations in Europe and North America proclaim a united Europe (Nov. 21). Margaret Thatcher resigns as British prime minister (Nov. 22); John Major succeeds her (Nov. 28). Lech Walesa wins Poland's runoff presidential election (Dec. 9). Haiti elects leftist priest as president in first democratic election (Dec. 17).
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1991
- U.S. and Allies at war with Iraq (Jan. 15). Warsaw Pact dissolves military alliance (Feb. 25). Cease-fire ends Persian Gulf War; UN forces are victorious (April 3). Europeans end sanctions on South Africa (April 15). Supreme Court limits death row appeals (April 16). Winnie Mandela sentenced in kidnapping (May 13). William H. Webster retires as director of CIA; Robert H. Gates succeeds him (May 14). France agrees to sign 1968 treaty banning spread of atomic weapons (June 3). Communist government of Albania resigns (June 4). Jiang Qing, widow of Mao, commits suicide (June 4). South African Parliament repeals apartheid laws (June 5). Warsaw Pact dissolved (July 1). Boris N. Yeltsin inaugurated as first freely elected president of Russian Republic (July 10). Bush-Gorbachev summit negotiates strategic arms reduction treaty (July 31). China accepts nuclear nonproliferation treaty (Aug. 10). Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia win independence (Aug. 25); Bush recognizes them (Sept. 2). Haitian troops seize president in uprising (Sept. 30). U.S. suspends assistance to Haiti (Oct. 1). Professor Anita Hill accuses Judge Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment (Oct. 6); Senate, 52–48, confirms Thomas for Supreme Court after stormy hearings (Oct. 15). Israel and Soviet Union resume relations after 24 years (Oct. 18). U.S. indicts two Libyans in 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland (Nov. 15). Anglican envoy Terry Waite and U.S. Prof. Thomas M. Sutherland freed by Lebanese (Nov. 18). Last three U.S. hostages freed in Lebanon (Dec. 2–4). Soviet Union breaks up after President Gorbachev's resignation; constituent republics form Commonwealth of Independent States (Dec. 25).
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1992
- Yugoslav Federation broken up (Jan. 15). Bush and Yeltsin proclaim formal end to cold war (Feb. 1). U.S. lifts trade sanctions against China (Feb. 21). U.S. recognizes three former Yugoslav republics (April 7). Gen. Noriega, former Panama leader, convicted in U.S. court (April 9). Four police officers acquitted in Los Angeles beating of Rodney King; rioting erupts in South-Central Los Angeles (April 29 et seq.). Caspar W. Weinberger indicted in Iran-Contra affair (June 16). Last Western hostages freed in Lebanon (June 17). Supreme Court reaffirms right to abortion (June 29). Democrats nominate Bill Clinton and Al Gore (July 1). Gen. Noriega sentenced to 40 years on drug charges (July 10). Court clears Exxon Valdez skipper (July 10). Israeli Parliament approves Yitzhak Rabin's coalition government, dominated by Labor Party (July 13). Police officers acquitted in April on criminal charges in Rodney King beating are indicted on federal civil rights charges (Aug. 5). North American trade compact announced (Aug. 12). Republicans renominate Bush and Quayle (Aug. 20). UN expels Serbian-dominated Yugoslavia (Sept. 22). Senate ratifies second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (Oct. 1). Top Japanese leader, Shin Kanemaru, resigns in scandal (Oct. 14). Bill Clinton elected president, Al Gore vice president; Democrats keep control of Congress (Nov. 3). Russian Parliament approves START treaty (Nov. 4). U.S. forces leave Philippines, ending nearly a century of American military presence (Nov. 24). Czechoslovak Parliament approves separation into two nations (Nov. 25). UN approves U.S.-led force to guard food for Somalia (Dec. 3). Prince and Princess of Wales agree to separate (Dec. 9). Bush pardons former Reagan administration officials involved in Iran-Contra affair (Dec. 24).
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1993
- Vaclav Havel elected as Czech president (Jan. 26). Clinton agrees to compromise on military's ban on homosexuals (Jan. 29). U.S. begins airlift of supplies to besieged Bosnia towns (Feb. 28). Federal agents besiege Texas Branch Davidian religious cult after six are killed in raid (March 1 et seq.). Five arrested, sixth sought in bombing of World Trade Center in New York (March 29). Two police officers convicted on federal civil rights charges in Rodney King beating (April 17); sentenced (Aug. 4). Fire kills 72 as cult standoff in Texas ends with federal assault (April 19). President of Sri Lanka assassinated (May 1). British Commons approves European unity pact (May 20). Twenty-two UN troops killed in Somalia (June 5). Ruth Bader Ginsburg appointed to Supreme Court (June 14). Iraq accepts UN weapons monitoring (July 19). Vincent W. Foster, Jr., senior White House lawyer, commits suicide (July 22). Midwest flood damage expected to exceed $10 billion (July 24). Israeli-Palestinian accord reached (Aug. 28). U.S. agents blamed in Waco, Tex., siege (Oct. 1). Yeltsin's forces crush revolt in Russian Parliament (Oct. 4 et seq.). China breaks nuclear test moratorium (Oct. 5). Canada's opposition Liberal Party regains power in landslide (Oct. 25). Europe's Maastricht Treaty takes effect, creating European Union (Nov. 1). Jean Chretien sworn in as Canada's 20th prime minister (Nov. 4). House of Representatives approves North American Free Trade Agreement (Nov. 17); Senate follows (Nov. 21). South Africa adopts majority rule constitution (Nov. 18). Clinton signs Brady bill regulating firearms purchases (Nov. 30). Toni Morrison wins Nobel prize for literature.
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1994
- Serbs' heavy weapons pound Sarajevo (Jan. 5–6). Olympic figure skater Nancy Kerrigan attacked (Jan. 6); three arrested in attack (Jan. 13). Major earthquake jolts Los Angeles; 51 dead (Jan. 17 et seq.). Clinton ends trade embargo on Vietnam (Feb. 9). Aldrich Ames, high C.I.A. official, charged with spying for Soviets (Feb. 22). Four convicted in World Trade Center bombing (March 4). Mexican presidential candidate assassinated (March 23). Rwandan genocide of Tutsis by Hutus begins; estimated 800,000 slaughtered in c. 100 days (April 6). South Africa holds first interracial national election (April 29); Nelson Mandela elected president. Israel and Palestinians sign accord (May 4). Clinton accused of sexual harassment while governor of Arkansas (May 6). Congress votes protection for women's health clinics (May 12). O. J. Simpson arrested in killings of wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and friend, Ronald Goldman (June 18). Supreme Court approves limit on abortion protests (June 30). Senate confirms Stephen G. Breyer for Supreme Court (July 29). Women's health clinic doctor shot dead outside Florida clinic (July 29). Major league baseball players strike (Aug. 13). “Carlos the Jackal,” international terrorist, captured (Aug. 15). IRA declares cease-fire in Northern Ireland (Aug. 31). Small plane crashes into White House (Sept. 12). Baseball owners end season and cancel World Series (Sept. 14). Powerful earthquake strikes Japan (Oct. 4). Aristide returns to joyous Haiti (Oct. 4). U.S. sends forces to Persian Gulf (Oct. 7). Ulster Protestants declare cease-fire (Oct. 13). Israel and Jordan sign peace treaty (Oct. 17). Reagan, 83, reveals he has Alzheimer's disease (Nov. 6). G.O.P. wins control of House and Senate (Nov. 8). Aristide forms Haitian government with prime minister and full cabinet (Nov. 9). Clinton orders Bosnian arms embargo ended (Nov. 10). Newt Gingrich named House Speaker (Dec. 5). Bentsen resigns as Treasury Secretary (Dec. 6). Russians attack secessionist Republic of Chechnya (Dec. 11 et seq.). John Salvi kills two at Massachusetts Planned Parenthood clinic (Dec. 30).
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1995
- Republicans take control of Congress (Jan. 4). More than 5,000 dead in Japanese earthquake (Jan. 17 et seq.). Criminal trial of O. J. Simpson opens in California (Jan. 24). U.S. rescues Mexico's economy with $20-billion aid program (Feb. 21). Senate rejects balanced-budget amendment (March 2). Nerve gas attack in Tokyo subway kills eight and injures thousands. The Aum Shinrikyo (“Supreme Truth”) cult is to blame (March 20). Major League Baseball strike ends (April 2). Appeals court upholds woman's plea to enter Citadel military academy (April 13). UN Council votes easier sanctions for Iraq (April 14). Scores killed as terrorist's car bomb blows up block-long Oklahoma City federal building (April 19); Timothy McVeigh, 27, Army veteran, arrested as suspect (April 21); authorities seek second suspect, link right-wing paramilitary groups to bombing (April 22). Death toll 2,000 in Rwanda massacre (April 22). Fighting escalates in Bosnia and Croatia (May 1). U.S. shuttle docks with Russian space station (June 27). F.B.I. suspends four in Idaho siege inquiry (Aug. 11). France explodes nuclear device in Pacific; wide protests ensue (Sept. 5). Senator Bob Packwood of Oregon resigns under pressure for sexual and official misconduct (Sept. 6). Israelis and Palestinians agree on transferring West Bank to Arabs (Sept. 24). Los Angeles jury finds O. J. Simpson not guilty of murder charges (Oct. 3). Pope John Paul II visits U.S. on whirlwind tour (Oct. 4–8). Warring parties agree on cease-fire in Bosnia (Oct. 5). Million Man March draws hundreds of thousands of black men to capital (Oct. 16). Quebec narrowly rejects independence from Canada (Oct. 30). Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin slain by Jewish extremist at peace rally (Nov. 4). U.S. servicemen admit rape of Japanese schoolgirl in Okinawa (Nov. 7). Nigeria hangs writer Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight other minority rights advocates (Nov. 10). Irish voters approve end to constitutional ban on divorce (Nov. 24). Combatants sign Bosnia peace treaty (Dec. 14). House move stalls Congress–White House negotiations to avert government shutdown (Dec. 20). Seamus Heaney wins Nobel prize for literature.
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1996
- U.S. budget crisis in fourth month (Jan. 3). Clinton approves resumption of many government operations (Jan. 6). Senate ratifies major arms reduction treaty (Jan. 26). France announces end to nuclear tests (Jan. 29). At least 73 dead in Sri Lankan suicide bombing (Feb. 1). Suicide bombers kill 59 in Israel (March 4). Bob Dole sweeps Republican primaries (March 5). Britain alarmed by deadly cow disease (March 20 et seq.). UN tribunal charges war crimes by Bosnian Muslims and Croats (March 22). Commerce Secretary Ronald H. Brown killed in plane crash (April 3). FBI arrests suspected Unabomber (April 3). Clinton signs line-item veto bill (April 9). President blocks ban on late-term abortions (April 10). ValuJet crashes in Everglades; all 110 aboard killed (May 11). Chechnya peace treaty signed (May 27). Israel elects Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister (May 31). China agrees to world ban on atomic testing (June 6). Leaders in Balkans sign accord on arms limits (June 14). Jazz great Ella Fitzgerald dies (June 15). Truck bomb kills 19 at U.S. base in Saudi Arabia (June 25). Boris Yeltsin is reelected in Russian election (July 3). Prince Charles and Princess Diana agree on divorce (July 12). 747 airliner crashes in Atlantic off Long Island; all 230 aboard perish (July 17). Bomb mars Summer Olympic games in Atlanta (July 25). Clinton signs bill to raise minimum wage (Aug. 2). Congress passes welfare reform bill (Aug. 2); approved by Clinton (Aug. 22). Republican convention opens in San Diego (Aug. 12); Bob Dole and Jack Kemp nominated (Aug. 14). Democrats convene in Chicago (Aug. 26). Iraqis strike at Kurdish enclave (Aug. 31); after warning, U.S. attacks Iraq's southern air defenses (Sept. 2–3); Iraq halts attacks on U.S. planes enforcing flight exclusion zones in north and south (Sept. 13). Violence flares in Jerusalem over Israel opening tourist tunnel (Sept. 24). Taliban Muslim fundamentalists capture Afghan capital (Sept. 27). Ethnic violence breaks out in Zairian refugee camps (Oct. 13); thousands of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi abandon camps (Oct. 21). Clinton-Gore ticket wins national election; Republicans retain control of Congress (Nov. 5). Mid-air collision in India kills 342 (Nov. 12). Texaco settles racial bias suit (Nov. 15). Hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees return to Rwanda (Nov. 15–18). Clinton appoints Madeleine Albright as first female U.S. secretary of state (Dec. 5). Kofi Annan named UN secretary-general (Dec. 13). FBI agent charged with spying for Moscow (Dec. 18). Thousands march in Belgrade in continuing protest against president's annulment of election results (Dec. 26).
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1997
- Two Hutu sentenced to death in Rwandan genocide (Jan. 3). Floods cause wide damage in U.S. West (Jan. 5). Newt Gingrich reelected as House Speaker (Jan. 7). Hebron agreement signed; Israel gives up large part of West Bank city of Hebron (Jan. 16). U.S. shuttle joins Russian space station (Jan. 17). Gingrich found guilty of ethics violations (Jan. 17). President Clinton starts second term (Jan. 20). U.S., U.K., and France agree to freeze Nazis' gold loot (Feb. 3). O. J. Simpson found liable in civil suit (Feb. 5). Deng Xiaoping, Chinese leader, dead at 92 (Feb. 19). Israeli government approves establishment of Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem, a setback in Middle East peace process (Feb. 26). Tornadoes wreak havoc in Arkansas, Ohio, and Kentucky (March 3). State of anarchy in Albania when third of population loses savings because of pyramid schemes (March 13). Hale-Bopp comet is the closest it will be to Earth until 4397 (March 22). Heaven's Gate cult members commit mass suicide in California (March 27). U.S. Appeals Court upholds California ban on affirmative action (April 8). U.S. judge upholds California marijuana law (April 11). Tiger Woods breaks multiple records in Masters golf tournament (April 13). Fire kills 300 pilgrims outside Mecca (April 15). Senate, 74–26, approves chemical-weapons treaty (April 24). Thousands flee North Dakota flood (April 27). Sergeant Major of the Army, Gene C. McKinney, charged in sex cases (May 7). Russian president Yeltsin signs Chechnya peace treaty (May 12). U.S.-Russian spaceship linkup in orbit ends (May 21). U.S. jobless rate for May reported 4.8%, lowest since 1973 (June 6). European Union bolsters currency merger (June 16). Congress votes major tax cuts (June 26). Hong Kong returns to Chinese rule (June 30). U.S. spacecraft begins exploration of Mars (July 4). Andrew Cunanan murders fashion designer Gianni Versace (July 15). Khmer Rouge hold trial of longtime leader Pol Pot (July 25). White House and GOP agree on measure to balance budget (July 28). U.S. spacecraft transmits thousands of pictures from Mars (Aug. 8). Clinton exercises new line-item veto (Aug. 11). Timothy J. McVeigh sentenced to death for Oklahoma City bombing (Aug. 14). Princess Diana, 36, killed with two others in Paris car crash (Aug. 31). Three Islamic suicide bombers kill four persons in Jerusalem (Sept. 4). Mother Teresa dead at 87 (Sept. 5). Swiss plan first payment to Holocaust victims (Sept. 17). Militant Taliban leaders seize Kabul (Sept. 27). Iraq expels all U.S. members of UN arms-inspection team (Oct. 29). GOP victorious in off-year elections (Nov. 4). Pakistani convicted in 1993 CIA killings (Nov. 10). Two convicted in New York World Trade Center bombing (Nov. 12). Egyptian Islamic militants kill 62 at Luxor tourist site (Nov. 17). FBI ends 16-month investigation of crash of Flight 800 off Long Island; denies sabotage (Nov. 18). European Union plans to admit six nations (Dec. 13). U.S. company launches first commercial spy satellite (Dec. 24). Paris court convicts “Carlos the Jackal” of murder (Dec. 24).
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1998
- Ramzi Ahmed Yousef sentenced to life for 1993 World Trade Center bombing (Jan. 9). Pope John Paul II visits Cuba (Jan. 21–25). President accused in White House sex scandal; denies allegations of affair with White House intern, Monica Lewinsky (Jan. 21 et seq.). President outlines first balanced budget in 30 years (Feb. 3). U.S. plane cuts ski cable in Italy and sends car plunging; 20 killed (Feb. 3). Thousands dead in Afghanistan quake (Feb. 4 et seq.). U.S. court rules line-item veto unconstitutional (Feb. 12). Serbs battle ethnic Albanians in Kosovo (March 5 et seq.). U.S. drops condemnation of China's human rights record (March 13). Hindu nationalist Vajpayee becomes India's prime minister (March 19). FDA approves Viagra, male impotence drug (March 27). Federal judge in Arkansas throws out Paula Jones case (April 1). Landmark peace settlement, the Good Friday Accord, reached in Northern Ireland (April 10). U.S. trade deficit biggest in decade (April 17). Europeans agree on single currency, the euro (May 3). Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski, sentenced to four life terms (May 4). India conducts three atomic tests despite worldwide disapproval (May 11, 13). Indonesian dictator Suharto steps down after 32 years in power (May 21). Pakistan stages five nuclear tests in response to India's (May 29, 30). Serbs renew attack on Kosovo rebels (June 1). Life sentence meted out to Terry Nichols, convicted in Oklahoma City bombing fatal to 168 (June 4). Nigerian dictator Sani Abacha dies (June 8). Congress votes to overhaul IRS (July 9). Iraq ends cooperation with UN arms inspectors (Aug. 5). U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania bombed (Aug. 7). Clinton admits to affair with White House intern in televised address to nation (Aug. 17). Russia fights to avert financial collapse (Aug. 17). U.S. cruise missiles hit suspected terrorist bases in Sudan and Afghanistan (Aug. 20). North Korea fires missile across Japan (Aug. 31). Swissair jet crashes; kills 229 (Sept. 2). Starr Report by independent counsel outlines case for impeachment proceedings against president (Sept. 11). Senate sustains veto of bill to outlaw late-term abortions (Sept. 18). Iran lifts death threat against Salman Rushdie (Sept. 24). German chancellor Helmut Kohl defeated by Gerhard Schröder (Sept. 27). U.S. budget surplus largest in three decades (Oct. 5). Matthew Shepard, gay Wyoming student, fatally beaten in hate crime (Oct. 6). NATO, on verge of air strikes, reaches settlement with Milosevic on Kosovo (Oct. 12). Former Chilean dictator Pinochet arrested in London (Oct. 16). Wye Mills Agreement between Netanyahu and Arafat moves Middle East peace talks forward (Oct. 23). More than 10,000 die in Central American hurricane, Mitch (Nov. 1). Democrats unexpectedly gain five House seats in national election; Republicans keep control of House and Senate (Nov. 3). House Speaker Gingrich to step down (Nov. 9). House panel drafts impeachment charges; votes along party lines to approve four articles (Dec. 11–12). Clinton orders air strikes on Iraq (Dec. 16–19). House impeaches President Clinton along party lines on two charges, perjury and obstruction of justice (Dec. 19).
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1999
- U.S. agrees to ease restrictions on Cuba (Jan. 4). Dennis Hastert elected to replace Newt Gingrich as Speaker of the House (Jan. 6). NBA ends 191-day labor dispute (Jan. 6). International Olympic Committee expels six members as bribery scandal widens (Jan. 24). King Hussein of Jordan dies (Feb. 7). Senate acquits President Clinton of impeachment charges (Feb. 12). Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo elected president of Nigeria (Feb. 28). First nonstop balloon flight around world completed in 20 days by Bertrand Piccard (Switzerland) and Brian Jones (UK) (March 1–20). Marine pilot acquitted in killing of 20 in 1998 Italian ski gondola accident; Italians outraged (March 4). U.S. accuses China of stealing nuclear secrets (March 5). Joe DiMaggio dies at age 84 (March 8). Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary join NATO (March 12). NATO launches air strikes on Serbia to end attacks against ethnic Albanians in Kosovo (March 24). Dr. Jack Kevorkian convicted of second-degree murder in assisted-suicide case (March 26). “Melissa” computer virus spreads through the Internet (March 27). Libya hands over two suspects in 1988 Pan Am jet bombing (April 5). Two Colo. students go on shooting spree in Columbine High School, killing 15, including themselves (April 20). NATO bombs mistakenly hit Chinese embassy in Belgrade (May 7). Citadel graduates its first woman (May 8). Crime rate in U.S. falls for seventh consecutive year (May 16). Ehud Barak defeats Benjamin Netanyahu in Israeli prime minister election (May 17). U.S. inspects suspected nuclear weapons site in North Korea, finds nothing (May 20–24). Serbs sign agreement to pull troops out of Kosovo after 11 weeks of NATO air attacks (June 9). Nelson Mandela retires as president of South Africa; succeeded by Thabo Mbeki (June 16). Britain's Prince Edward marries Sophie Rhys-Jones (June 19). Kurd leader Abdullah Ocalan sentenced to death for treason in Turkey (June 29). White supremacist goes on shooting spree in Midwest, killing three including self and wounding eight (July 2–5). U.S. soccer team tops China for women's World Cup (July 10). Taiwanese leader Lee Teng-hui challenges “One China” policy (July 11). Serial killer Rafael Reséndez-Ramirez surrenders himself to U.S. authorities (July 13). John F. Kennedy, Jr., wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and sister-in-law Lauren Bessette killed in plane crash off coast of Martha's Vineyard (July 16). Col. Eileen Collins becomes first female to head a space shuttle mission (July 16). Falun Gong meditation sect banned by Chinese government (July 22). Day-trader kills 9 and wounds 13 in two Atlanta brokerage offices before committing suicide (July 29). Yeltsin replaces Prime Minister Stepashin with Vladimir Putin in fourth government shakeup in 17 months (Aug. 9). Islamic militants declare independence for Dagestan and announce holy war against Russia (Aug. 10). White supremacist opens fire at Jewish community center in LA, wounding five and killing one as he flees (Aug. 10). More than 17,000 people die in 7.4 earthquake in Turkey (Aug. 17). Attorney General Janet Reno reopens investigation of 1993 Waco, Tex., stand-off (Aug. 25). People of East Timor vote for independence from Indonesia (Aug. 31). Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and PLO leader Yasir Arafat announce peace accord (Sept. 4). Larry Gene Ashbrook goes on rampage in Tex. church, killing seven and himself (Sept. 15). NASA accidentally loses $125 million spacecraft as it orbits Mars (Sept. 23). Dozens of people exposed to radiation in Japan's worst nuclear accident (Sept. 30). Russia sends ground troops to Chechnya as conflict with Islamic militants intensifies (Oct. 1). World population reaches six billion milestone (Oct. 11). Military coup led by Gen. Pervez Musharraf overthrows Pakistani government (Oct. 12). Tobacco companies admit to harm caused by cigarette smoking (Oct. 13). Senate rejects 1996 nuclear test-ban treaty; international leaders upset by U.S. stand (Oct. 13). Indonesia elects Muslim leader Abdurrahman Wahid president (Oct. 20). Pro golfer Payne Stewart and five others killed in plane crash (Oct. 25). EgyptAir flight crashes over Atlantic, killing all 217 on board (Oct. 31). Judge finds Microsoft to be a monopoly (Nov. 5). U.S. and China reach landmark trade agreement (Nov. 15). China launches first spacecraft (Nov. 21). Five-year-old Cuban refugee Elián González gets caught in politically charged custody battle (Nov. 25). World Trade Organization conference disrupted by violent protests in Seattle (Nov. 29 et seq.). New Northern Ireland government begins self-rule for first time in 25 years (Dec. 2). Muslim terrorists hijack Indian Airlines jet with 189 on board (Dec. 24).
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