Reconstruction

Reconstruction, 1865–77, in U.S. history, the period of readjustment following the Civil War. At the end of the Civil War, the defeated South was a ruined land. The physical destruction wrought by the invading Union forces was enormous, and the old social and economic order founded on slavery had collapsed completely, with nothing to replace it. The 11 Confederate states somehow had to be restored to their positions in the Union and provided with loyal governments, and the role of the emancipated slaves in Southern society had to be defined.

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• Reconstruction's End
• The Radical Republican Governments in the South
• The Reconstruction Acts
• Early Congressional Legislation
• Johnson's Plan
• Lincoln's Plan
• Bibliography and Historical Interpretation

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